GRATA International

Changing the status of a foreign shareholder: Implications for a Belarusian company

In modern business, closely linked to international markets, changes in the status of foreign shareholders are common occurrence. Whether it involves change of citizenship of an individual, reorganization of a foreign parent company or its “relocation” to a new jurisdiction (redomiciliation), all...

Termination of a loan agreement due to changed circumstances – adequate solution or misconception?

There are numerous types of financial intervention in modern economy, with the Republic of Serbia being dominated by banking sector loans as main instruments in such intervention. This is hardly surprising considering the low developmental level of different financial institutions and a low...

Representative offices and Branches of foreign organizations in Belarus

Representative offices and Branches of foreign organizations in Belarus: how to operate in a new legal landscape On November 19, 2024 the new edition of the Civil Code of the Republic of Belarus came into force.

In Focus: Khoren Nasibyan on Innovations and Risks in Technology, Media & Telecommunications sector

In this interview, Khoren Nasibyan, Head of the TMT Committee, shares his perspective on legal issues shaping the technology, media, and telecommunications sectors. From data protection to AI regulation, this interview explores how companies can stay ahead in a digitally transforming world.

In Focus: Navigating Employment Law with Javokhir Urinov

In this edition of our interview series with committee leaders, Javokhir Urinov, Associate and Head of the Employment Committee, offers practical insights into employment law in Uzbekistan, reflecting on recent legislative reforms, common employer mistakes, and the value of preventive legal support.

Amendments to the Code of Administrative Offences have entered into force

As of 13 March 2025, amendments in the area of administrative liability have entered into force in Kazakhstan. These amendments were introduced by Law №155-VIII dated 10 January 2025 “On Amendments and Additions to the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offences”.

Shaimerden Chikanayev Discusses Central Asia's Nuclear Energy Future in Georgetown Journal Interview

In a recent interview with the Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Shaimerden Chikanayev, a Partner at GRATA International, delved into the evolving role of nuclear power in Central Asia's energy landscape.

Overview of Kazakhstani draft laws on AI and its provisions on protecting personal data

In Kazakhstan, the main regulatory act related to artificial intelligence (AI) is the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ‘On Informatisation’, dated November 24, 2015.

Cyprus Notional Interest Deduction (NID)

The Notional Interest Deduction (NID) is a tax incentive introduced by Cyprus in 2015 to encourage businesses to finance operations through equity rather than debt.

Notice of Creditors' Meeting from the liquidator of FBME Bank Limited (the “Branch”) in Cyprus

On the 28th of March 2024, Mr. Petros Ioannides who has been appointed as liquidator (the “Liquidator”) of the Βranch, has notified that in accordance with Article 234(2) of the Companies Law Cap.113, pursuant to the order of the Nicosia District Court dated 29th of June 2023 in App. No 123/2019 (th

Mongolian mining industry 2025

Mongolia is in the heart of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt located between the East European, Siberian, North China, and Tarim cratons, and is considered the largest area of Phanerozoic continental crustal growth.

In focus: Practical perspectives on Dispute Resolution with Irina Obukhova

In the second edition of our interview series with committee leaders, Irina Obukhova, Head of the Dispute Resolution Committee, provides in-depth insights into the current landscape of dispute resolution, sharing her own experience and professional expertise.

GRATA International in the Philippines

We are delighted to announce that Nicolas and De Vega Law Offices has joined GRATA International as an associate office in the Philippines.

Can artificial intelligence be the author of a film work?

Artificial intelligence has experienced significant developments in the past decade, thanks to the massive amount of available data, improved computer performance, and the development of new architecture based on deep learning.

Personal Data Protection In Armenia

The Law “On protection of personal data” of RA (Law) guarantees the rights of natural persons (data subjects) and imposes mandatory requirements on personal data processors, authorised persons, and third parties.

Issues of share disposal in Armenia

The legislation of the Republic of Armenia establishes multiple legal frameworks for the formation of business entities, ensuring flexibility for entrepreneurs in selecting the most appropriate structure for their operations.

Review of the judicial practice of the Supreme Court

I. Ruling of the judicial panel for administrative cases of the Supreme Court No. 6001-24-00-6ap/664 dated January 8, 2024.

Kazakhstan’s Debut Nuclear Power Plant Project

Kazakhstan’s Debut Nuclear Power Plant Project: A Test of Transparency, Legality, and Geopolitical Realities

Mongolian mining industry - 2025

Mongolia is in the heart of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt located between the East European, Siberian, North China, and Tarim cratons, and is considered the largest area of Phanerozoic continental crustal growth.

In focus: Maxim Burak shares key Corporate Law insights

We are launching a new interview series featuring heads of committees. In the first edition, Maxim Burak, Head of the Corporate Law Committee, shares his insights and answers key questions.

Annual minimum expenditures for exploration operations in license obligation performance reports

In this article, we address the issue of calculating obligations in License obligation performance reports (LKU Report) and possible approaches to avoid disputes with the competent authority (Regulator).

GRATA International Association Interview with Andrew Gamble: Overview and Strategic Vision

GRATA International’s Chairman of the Global Board, Andrew Gamble, shares insights into the association’s mission, strategic goals, and future vision. He discusses GRATA’s expansion, innovation-driven approach, and the importance of collaboration in navigating the evolving global legal landscape.

Current regulations on the renewable energy law of Mongolia and investment opportunities

Mongolia’s total renewable energy potential is 2600 gigawatts (GW), over 1000 times larger than the 1.6 GW installed capacity of Mongolia’s electricity system[1]. In the decades ahead, this potential could be harnessed through the vast solar and wind resources of Mongolia’s Gobi Desert.

GRATA International in Serbia

We are pleased to announce that T-S Legal joined GRATA International as an associate office in Serbia.

Legal Aspects of Real Estate Transactions

This comprehensive material examines the key legal aspects of real estate transactions across 12 jurisdictions: Armenia, Belarus, China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

Interim Measures in Judicial Proceedings

GRATA International specialists have prepared a new publication "Interim Measures in Judicial Proceedings."

Tax Implications of Bankruptcy in GRATA International countries

GRATA International specialists have prepared a new publication "Tax Implications of Bankruptcy", examining regulations across 6 countries: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It

Заключение договора в электронном виде в Беларуси

В связи с активным внедрением современных информационных технологий в сфере хозяйственной деятельности и связанными с их использованием преимуществами в настоящее время получает широкое распространение заключение субъектами хозяйствования договоров в электронном виде.

Conclusion of a contract in electronic form in Belarus

Due to the rapid use of modern information technologies in business activity and the advantages related to their use, the conclusion of contracts in electronic form by business entities is widely used nowadays.

Реструктуризация бизнеса и сделки слияний и поглощений в странах GRATA International

Публикация содержит информацию о реорганизации юридических лиц в 6 странах.