GRATA International
Rankings
Awarded leading firm in Asia-Pacific 2026
Ranked Departments:
Ranked Individuals:
Overview
Provided by GRATA International
Firm Details
>26 countries of presence
>34 years of experience
>250 professionals
>18 practice areas
15 520 + clients
43 900 + projects
Firm Overview
GRATA International is a dynamically developing international law firm providing services for projects across 24 countries worldwide: full coverage of the entire region with network of offices, highly qualified team of professionals suited for cross-border projects. Firm's reputation and expertise are confirmed by testimonials from transnational clients and leading international ratings.
A wide network of office operating under one system and platform delivers great convenience for our clients. Any office can act as a "one-stop-shop" for its clients and provide them with access to services in other cities and countries. If necessary, inter-office teams with relevant experience are assembled to provide solutions to complex tasks. Service quality is assured by a clear system of organisation of this process.
Main Areas of Practice
Clients have access to quality legal services in 8 industries and 18 practice areas.
Industry Sectors:
■ Banking & Finance
■ Construction & Infrastructure
■ Industry & Trade
■ Oil & Gas
■ Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare
■ Mining
■ Technology, Media & Telecommunications
■ Transport
Practice Areas:
■ Antitrust and Competition
■ Сommercial Contracts
■ Corporate and M&A
■ Data Protection & Privacy
■ Dispute Resolution
■ Employment
■ Environment
■ Finance and Securities
■ Intellectual Property
■ International Trade, Customs & WTO
■ Licences and Permits
■ Project Finance & Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
■ Real Estate
■ Restructuring & Insolvency
■ Subsoil Use
■ Tax
■ Islamic Finance
■ The Acting Law of the AIFC
Ranked Offices
Provided by GRATA International
Azerbaijan
Baku
133, Bashir Safaroglu str., SAT Plaza, 13th floor , Baku, Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ1009, Baku
Kazakhstan
Almaty
Esentai Tower Al-Farabi Avenue 77 , Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050060, Almaty
Kyrgyz Republic
Bishkek
33/1 Razzakova Str., Office 2, Bishkek, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, 720040, Bishkek
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
15a5 Sukhbaatar district-1r district-1r khoroo , Ulaanbaatar, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 14210, Ulaanbaatar
Tajikistan
Dushanbe
24a Ayni Str., Business Center, Office 303, 3rd floor, Dushanbe, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 734012, Dushanbe
Uzbekistan
Tashkent Province
51-А, Sadyk Azimov street Mirzo-Ulugbek district , Tashkent, Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan, 100000, Tashkent
Ranked Departments
Ranked Individuals
Contributions
Latest contributions provided by GRATA International
Articles, highlights and press releases
289 items provided by GRATA International
Let us introduce to you the 'Doing Business in the Republic of Kazakhstan' publication developed by GRATA International. The information herein is based on theoretical and practical information available as of December 2025.
A Valid Arbitration Clause in Cross-Border Disputes Under Turkish Law: Core Requirements & Case Law
In disputes involving a foreign element, the enforceability of an arbitration clause under Turkish law hinges on a limited set of requirements rigorously applied by Turkish courts.
Under the Civil Code of the Republic of Armenia, a licensing agreement, the patent holder (licensor) undertakes to grant another party (licensee) the right to use an object protected by a patent within the scope stipulated by the agreement, while the licensee undertakes to pay the licensor...
The Historic Ruling of the Regional Court in Munich in the GEMA vs. OpenAI Case
The Historic Ruling of the Regional Court in Munich in the GEMA vs. OpenAI Case on Copyright and Training Artificial Intelligence
GRATA International in Indonesia
We are pleased to announce that Leks & Co has joined GRATA International as an associate office in Indonesia.
Tax and Legal Implications of Engaging Freelancers for Businesses
GRATA International introduces a comparative overview of the tax and legal implications of engaging freelancers for businesses. The publication covers multiple jurisdictions, including Belarus, Cyprus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Türkiye...
Main changes to the financial legislation of Kazakhstan in the 2nd quarter of 2025
Lawyers of the banking and finance practice of GRATA International are pleased to provide you with a brief overview of the main changes in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2025 that may affect your business.
Tests of doing business and penalties for unregistered entities considered as doing business
GRATA International presents a comparative overview of legal tests for determining when activities are considered “doing business” and the penalties applicable to unregistered entities across multiple jurisdictions.
Kyrgyzstan Business Law News Digest: December 2025
The December issue of Kyrgyzstan's Monthly Legal Digest covers key changes in legal regulation: increased transparency for single-founder companies, updated procedures for administering subsoil use fees, the introduction of digital litigation, and the adoption of a new Law "On Mediation."
Carbon credit and it’s new registry regulation in Mongolia
Mongolia has undertaken significant regulatory and institutional reforms in recent years to strengthen its carbon credit governance and prepare for active participation in international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
Approval of the List of Medicinal Products and Medical Services Exempt from VAT in 2026
A new Tax Code will come into effect in Kazakhstan on 1 January 2026, under which the supply of medicinal products and medical services will be exempt from VAT.
Turks Abroad in Turkey: New Restrictions Instead of Simplifications
Recently, social media has been flooded with claims that foreigners of Turkic origin can now work in Turkey without permits or any formal procedures. However, a careful analysis of the applicable legislation shows that these claims are inaccurate.
Construction Governance in Türkiye: A Legal Analysis of the Contractor Competency Certification Regu
The construction sector is one of Türkiye’s most economically significant yet structurally vulnerable industries. High seismic risk, rapid urbanization, and the prevalence of unregulated building practices have underscored the need for a stronger legal and administrative foundation.
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
GRATA International presents a comparative overview of occupational health and safety regulations in Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Thailand, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Joint Ventures 2025 - Uzbekistan
The economic and legal system of Uzbekistan has been very stable and, as confirmed by various international institutions, including the World bank, it has been showing steady growth since 2017 despite geopolitical turbulence surrounding the region.
A general introduction to restructuring in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is a young, independent state that gained its independence in 1991 as a result of the collapse of the USSR. It is a unitary state consisting of 12 administrative regions and the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Government support and guarantees for the implementation of public-private partnership projects
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a long-term, legally binding agreement between a public entity and a private company, under which the private party undertakes to provide comprehensive services that may include financing, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of...
News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan — October 2025
GRATA International specialists have prepared the October 2025 edition of the monthly News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan.
News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan — September 2025
GRATA International specialists have prepared the September 2025 edition of the monthly News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan.
We are pleased to present Doing Business in the Kyrgyz Republic, a publication developed by the Bishkek office of GRATA International.
Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Kyrgyz Republic
In the context of globalization of business and international economic relations, the issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards is of key importance.
Public Policy - No Longer an Obstacle to the Enforcement of CIS Court Judgments in Commercial Courts
LLC “Metso Outotec” (“claimant”) filed an application with the Commercial Court of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast (“court of first instance”) seeking refusal to recognize and enforce on the territory of the Russian Federation the Decision of the Economic Court of the Gomel Oblast of the...
Determination of the competent arbitration in cases of defective arbitration clauses
Arbitration, as known, has become a popular method of dispute resolution. However, in practice, during the contract formation, the arbitration may be indicated incorrectly.
List of countries with which Kazakhstan has concluded double tax treaties covered by the MLI
On 20 February 2020, by Presidential Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 304-VI, Kazakhstan acceded to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI).
Rules on CIT exemption in Astana Hub
Currently under consideration is the draft of the Rules on confirmation of compliance of Astana Hub participants with the conditions of application of 100 percent reduction of corporate income tax on income from informatisation services (the “Rules on CIT exemption in Astana Hub”).
Redomiciliation of Foreign Companies to Armenia: A Legal Pathway for Seamless Business Continuity
The Republic of Armenia has established itself as a business-friendly jurisdiction, offering various incentives for foreign investors and companies.
Fixed-term employment agreement in Turkmenistan: theory and practice
The Labor Code of Turkmenistan (hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code) distinguishes two types of employment agreements, one of which is a fixed-term employment agreement. Labor legislation does not define a fixed-term employment agreement.
Economic Potential of Antalya and Alanya: Where Foreign Investors Should Focus
Antalya is not merely Turkey’s “tourism capital.” It is a dynamically developing region in which a powerful tourism infrastructure converges with industrial production, agriculture and even advanced-technology sectors.
How to Work Safely with Turkish Partners: Contracts, Law, and Business Culture
Cooperation with Turkish companies in trade and services can be highly rewarding, but it requires a careful legal approach. Turkey has a distinctive business culture, its own legal framework, and a strong emphasis on personal relationships.
Investing in Turkey: Why AI May Be a Smarter Choice than Real Estate
Turkey has long positioned itself as a country with an open economy and a liberal investment regime. Government institutions actively attract foreign capital by offering incentives, simplified company registration procedures, and access to emerging markets in the Middle East and Asia.
Let us introduce to you the 'Doing Business in the Republic of Kazakhstan' publication developed by GRATA International. The information herein is based on theoretical and practical information available as of December 2025.
A Valid Arbitration Clause in Cross-Border Disputes Under Turkish Law: Core Requirements & Case Law
In disputes involving a foreign element, the enforceability of an arbitration clause under Turkish law hinges on a limited set of requirements rigorously applied by Turkish courts.
Under the Civil Code of the Republic of Armenia, a licensing agreement, the patent holder (licensor) undertakes to grant another party (licensee) the right to use an object protected by a patent within the scope stipulated by the agreement, while the licensee undertakes to pay the licensor...
The Historic Ruling of the Regional Court in Munich in the GEMA vs. OpenAI Case
The Historic Ruling of the Regional Court in Munich in the GEMA vs. OpenAI Case on Copyright and Training Artificial Intelligence
GRATA International in Indonesia
We are pleased to announce that Leks & Co has joined GRATA International as an associate office in Indonesia.
Tax and Legal Implications of Engaging Freelancers for Businesses
GRATA International introduces a comparative overview of the tax and legal implications of engaging freelancers for businesses. The publication covers multiple jurisdictions, including Belarus, Cyprus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Türkiye...
Main changes to the financial legislation of Kazakhstan in the 2nd quarter of 2025
Lawyers of the banking and finance practice of GRATA International are pleased to provide you with a brief overview of the main changes in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2025 that may affect your business.
Tests of doing business and penalties for unregistered entities considered as doing business
GRATA International presents a comparative overview of legal tests for determining when activities are considered “doing business” and the penalties applicable to unregistered entities across multiple jurisdictions.
Kyrgyzstan Business Law News Digest: December 2025
The December issue of Kyrgyzstan's Monthly Legal Digest covers key changes in legal regulation: increased transparency for single-founder companies, updated procedures for administering subsoil use fees, the introduction of digital litigation, and the adoption of a new Law "On Mediation."
Carbon credit and it’s new registry regulation in Mongolia
Mongolia has undertaken significant regulatory and institutional reforms in recent years to strengthen its carbon credit governance and prepare for active participation in international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
Approval of the List of Medicinal Products and Medical Services Exempt from VAT in 2026
A new Tax Code will come into effect in Kazakhstan on 1 January 2026, under which the supply of medicinal products and medical services will be exempt from VAT.
Turks Abroad in Turkey: New Restrictions Instead of Simplifications
Recently, social media has been flooded with claims that foreigners of Turkic origin can now work in Turkey without permits or any formal procedures. However, a careful analysis of the applicable legislation shows that these claims are inaccurate.
Construction Governance in Türkiye: A Legal Analysis of the Contractor Competency Certification Regu
The construction sector is one of Türkiye’s most economically significant yet structurally vulnerable industries. High seismic risk, rapid urbanization, and the prevalence of unregulated building practices have underscored the need for a stronger legal and administrative foundation.
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
GRATA International presents a comparative overview of occupational health and safety regulations in Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Thailand, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Joint Ventures 2025 - Uzbekistan
The economic and legal system of Uzbekistan has been very stable and, as confirmed by various international institutions, including the World bank, it has been showing steady growth since 2017 despite geopolitical turbulence surrounding the region.
A general introduction to restructuring in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is a young, independent state that gained its independence in 1991 as a result of the collapse of the USSR. It is a unitary state consisting of 12 administrative regions and the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Government support and guarantees for the implementation of public-private partnership projects
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a long-term, legally binding agreement between a public entity and a private company, under which the private party undertakes to provide comprehensive services that may include financing, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of...
News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan — October 2025
GRATA International specialists have prepared the October 2025 edition of the monthly News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan.
News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan — September 2025
GRATA International specialists have prepared the September 2025 edition of the monthly News Alert: Automotive Industry in Kazakhstan.
We are pleased to present Doing Business in the Kyrgyz Republic, a publication developed by the Bishkek office of GRATA International.
Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Kyrgyz Republic
In the context of globalization of business and international economic relations, the issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards is of key importance.
Public Policy - No Longer an Obstacle to the Enforcement of CIS Court Judgments in Commercial Courts
LLC “Metso Outotec” (“claimant”) filed an application with the Commercial Court of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast (“court of first instance”) seeking refusal to recognize and enforce on the territory of the Russian Federation the Decision of the Economic Court of the Gomel Oblast of the...
Determination of the competent arbitration in cases of defective arbitration clauses
Arbitration, as known, has become a popular method of dispute resolution. However, in practice, during the contract formation, the arbitration may be indicated incorrectly.
List of countries with which Kazakhstan has concluded double tax treaties covered by the MLI
On 20 February 2020, by Presidential Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 304-VI, Kazakhstan acceded to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI).
Rules on CIT exemption in Astana Hub
Currently under consideration is the draft of the Rules on confirmation of compliance of Astana Hub participants with the conditions of application of 100 percent reduction of corporate income tax on income from informatisation services (the “Rules on CIT exemption in Astana Hub”).
Redomiciliation of Foreign Companies to Armenia: A Legal Pathway for Seamless Business Continuity
The Republic of Armenia has established itself as a business-friendly jurisdiction, offering various incentives for foreign investors and companies.
Fixed-term employment agreement in Turkmenistan: theory and practice
The Labor Code of Turkmenistan (hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code) distinguishes two types of employment agreements, one of which is a fixed-term employment agreement. Labor legislation does not define a fixed-term employment agreement.
Economic Potential of Antalya and Alanya: Where Foreign Investors Should Focus
Antalya is not merely Turkey’s “tourism capital.” It is a dynamically developing region in which a powerful tourism infrastructure converges with industrial production, agriculture and even advanced-technology sectors.
How to Work Safely with Turkish Partners: Contracts, Law, and Business Culture
Cooperation with Turkish companies in trade and services can be highly rewarding, but it requires a careful legal approach. Turkey has a distinctive business culture, its own legal framework, and a strong emphasis on personal relationships.
Investing in Turkey: Why AI May Be a Smarter Choice than Real Estate
Turkey has long positioned itself as a country with an open economy and a liberal investment regime. Government institutions actively attract foreign capital by offering incentives, simplified company registration procedures, and access to emerging markets in the Middle East and Asia.